PURPOSE: Contrast noise and beam energy are important variables in radiographic imaging. Ideally we want a high contrast image with minimal noise. To achieve high contrast low beam energy is necessary. However noise is reduced by increasing the beam energy.

PURPOSE: Contrast noise and beam energy are important variables in radiographic imaging. Ideally we want a high contrast image with minimal noise. To achieve high contrast low beam energy is necessary. However noise is reduced by increasing the beam energy.Therefore depending upon the imaging situation (information desired patient body part patient size etc.) a balance between high contrast and low noise may be achieved by adjusting the beam energy. In this experiment the relationship between contrast optical density and beam energy will be examined.PROCEDURE: The film generated in Lab 4 Experiment A will be used in this experiment. Measure and record the optical density of the film both at Step # 5 of the aluminum step wedge and at a representative point of the Plexiglas block under each of three different exposure conditions:TABLE 2: Exposure conditions for optical density measurements used in Lab 4 Experiment B.X-Ray Unit 1X-Ray Unit 2150 kVp2.3 mA14 minCondition 3 in Table 1150 kVp3.0 mA4 minCondition 3 in Table 1270 kVp2.3 mA4 sCondition 1 in Table 1270 kVp2.5 mA3 sCondition 1 in Table 1390 kVp0.5 mA4 sCondition 4 in Table 1390 kVp0.5 mA1 sCondition 4 in Table 1REPORT REQUIREMENTS:NOTE: When reporting results from a film measurement be sure to clearly indicate all known exposure conditions (film type focus-to-film distance tube voltage current exposure time and attenuation present).INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING IN YOUR INTRODUCTION (THEORY) SECTION:1. Define contrast and latitude in reference to radiographic imaging.2. Define noise and mottle within radiographic imaging and the effect of increasing beam energy on noise.3. Describe the difference between low and high contrast X-ray films. What are these films typically used for?4. Mention the technical specifications of the Nuclear Associates Densitometer used in measuring optical density.INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING IN YOUR METHODS SECTION:1. The thickness of aluminum and Plexiglas at which the film optical density was measured.BME 4701/6701 MEDICAL IMAGING FALL 2015INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING IN YOUR RESULTS SECTION:1. Tabulated optical density measurements at Step # 5 of the aluminum wedge and at the Plexiglas under each exposure condition.2. A plot of the optical densities of each material as a function of beam energy (one plot two curves distinguished by different markers or line types.)3. A plot of the ratio of optical densities between Step # 5 and the Plexiglas right beside it as a function of beam energy (one plot one curve). This is a measure of contrast.ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN YOUR DISCUSSION SECTION:1. Why is contrast enhanced at lower beam energies? What type of photon interaction is predominately involved at lower beam energies? What material property is important in enhancing image contrast?

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